THE HISTORY OF THE DISASTERS, THEIR CATEGORIES, AND SOME PRELIMINARY NOTES FOR THE STUDY OF THE CULTURAL FOUNDATIONS AND THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROVIDENTIALIST VISION OF THE DISASTER

The Historical Study of Disasters has shown that the origin of earthquakes, epidemics, floods, among others, does not lie in the natural or biological phenomenon itself but should be considered as the result of the vulnerability of a community to a certain threat. This article will present the studies related to disasters and their management that have carried out in recent decades, in what way and through what process they have conceptualized the social construction of risk and vulnerability, intending to compare this conceptualization with the providential vision of the disaster, and what was the social and cultural perception of disasters, starting from the ancient-medieval cosmogony, which lasted until modernity.